"SSL" (Transport Layer) means "Secure Sockets
Layer". This was coined by the inventors of the first versions of the
protocol, Netscape (the company was later bought by AOL).
"TLS" (Transport
Layer) means "Transport Layer Security". The name was changed to
avoid any legal issues with Netscape so that the protocol could be "open
and free" (and published as a RFC). It also hints at the
idea that the protocol works over any bidirectional stream of bytes, not just
Internet-based sockets.
"HTTPS" = HTTP +
SSL/TLS (Application Layer) is supposed to mean "HyperText Transfer
Protocol Secure", which is grammatically unsound. Nobody, except the
terminally bored pedant, ever uses the translation; "HTTPS" is better
thought of as "HTTP with an S that means SSL"
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